ABSTRACT
Objective: To discover the mechanism behind ameliorative effects of Michelia champaca (M. champaca) in gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. Methods: Anti- spasmodic potential was evaluated by trying the M. champaca extract (aqueous:ethanolic) on rabbit aorta, trachea and jejunum in vitro. Isotonic and isometric transducers coupled with Power Lab data acquisition system was used to record the responses of isolated tissues. Results: M. champaca extract relaxed the spontaneous and high K
ABSTRACT
Objective:To discover the mechanism behind ameliorative effects of Michelia champaca (M. champaca) in gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders.Methods:Anti- spasmodic potential was evaluated by trying the M. champaca extract (aqueous:ethanolic) on rabbit aorta, trachea and jejunum in vitro. Isotonic and isometric transducers coupled with Power Lab data acquisition system was used to record the responses of isolated tissues.Results:M. champaca extract relaxed the spontaneous and high KConclusion:M. champaca possesses spasmolytic, airways relaxant and vasodilator actions mediated perhaps due to blocking of Ca
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To determine the frequency of early onset neonatal sepsis in newborn with various duration of preterm premature rupture of membranes [PPROM]. Cross sectional study. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from November 2009 to November 2010. Neonates of singleton pregnancies complicanted by pretern premature rupture of the membranes [PPROM] with delivery between 30 and 36 weeks gestation were included in the study. The overall frequency of neonatal sepsis was calculated on clinical and serological basis. Comparison of the frequency of sepsis among groups with varying duration of rupture of membranes was done. Out of 164 babies, 84 [51.2%] were female and 80 [48.8%] were male. Mean maternal age was 23 year [range: 18-36 years] .Mean gestational age was 33 weeks [range: 30-36 weeks]. Sepsis was suspected in 41 [25%] babies on clinical grounds. C-reactive protein was raised in 36 [22%] neonates. There was statistically insignificant difference between clinical versus serological diagnosis [p=0.515]. Frequency of neonatal sepsis was significantly higher in mothers with longer duration of rupture of membrane [p< 0.001]. Frequency of neonatal sepsis was observed to be 22%. PPROM is an important risk factor for early onset neonatal sepsis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture , Cross-Sectional Studies , C-Reactive ProteinABSTRACT
To analyze the rate, the frequency of different indications and the most common indication of cesarean sections in Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Cross sectional study. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Military Hospital Rawalpindi from September 2011 to February 2012. A total of 3555 pregnant females delivered during study period were enrolled in the study. Health volunteers and the cases of uterine rupture, pregnancy with fetal anomaly, or termination of pregnancy were excluded from the study. All patients were admitted in labor room. Detailed obstetric and gynecological history was taken. Detailed general physical examination and obstetric examination was done. Baseline investigations were checked. Fetal anomalies were ruled out by anomaly scan. Strict fetomaternal monitoring was done during labor. Cervical foley catheter and prostaglandin E2 [Prostin] tablets were used for induction according to Bishop score. Clinical record of all patients, including mode of delivery and indication, was analyzed in terms of percentage and frequency and documented in a special performa after written informed consent. Filled performas were attached with patient's case notes. Patients enrolled in the study over six months were 3555, out of which 1620 [45.5%] were delivered by cesarean section, 1901 [53.4%] were spontaneous vaginal deliveries and 34 [0.9%] were delivered by vaginal birth after cesarean [VBAC]. The rate of cesarean section in our study was 45.5% and the most common factor was repeat cesarean section [44.4%], followed by failed trial of labor [27.1%] and fetal distress seen in 165 [10.1%] cases. The rate of cesarean section in our study was 45.5% and the most common factor was repeat cesarean section 44.4%
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Crude methanolic extracts of selected legumes namely, black gram [Vigna mungo L.], green gram [Vigna radiata [L.] R. Wilczek], soybean [Glycine max [L.] Merr.] and lentil [Lens culinaris Medik.] were investigated for anti-inflammatory effects, using COX-2 producing PGE[2] inhibitory assay. Percentage inhibition observed was 73.93, 79.84, 92.17 and 74.47 for black gram, green gram, soybean and lentil respectively at 20microg/ml extract concentration. The l00 micro g/ml concentration showed increase in the percent inhibition except for soybean. This is the first report on COX-2 inhibitory potential of food legumes
Subject(s)
Fabaceae , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Glycine max , Lens Plant , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
The object of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity of extracts from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. The parent extract is methanolic extract while its sub fractions were prepared in ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-butanol. The method based on scavenging activity and reduction capability of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical [DPPH]. Urease inhibition activities of these extracts were also evaluated. Chloroform fraction was the most effective antioxidant with 87.7% activity but the activity is less than the crude methanolic extract i.e. 90%. Chloroform fraction showed the same trend in reducing power as that in radical scavenging activity. However n-butanol extract was devoid of any activity when compared to standard BHA. Crude methanolic fraction and its sub-fractions were also screened for enzyme inhibition activities using jackbean urease as substrate. Significant anti urease activity i.e. 72% was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction with respect to standard inhibitor thiourea
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The current study was designed to explore the platelet aggregation activity of methanolic extracts of green gram, lentil, mash bean and soya bean. The extracts dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation initiated by arachidonic acid [AA] and platelet activating factor [PAF]. Extract of green gram was effective only against AA mediated activity while mash bean and soya bean extracts were effective against both AA and PAF mediated activity. But lentil extract has no activity. The order of activity based on IC[50] value is, Mash bean> Soya bean> Green gram. This preliminary result suggests that legume seed extract may be taken as a candidate lead natural compound to be considered in the search for natural products with beneficial effects on aberrant platelet activation mediated cardiovascular disorders
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In this study pH sensitive, biocompatible and controlled released hydrgels were prepared and their localized drug delivery effect was analyzed. Polycaprolactone and acrylic acid [PCL/AA] were reacted by free radical polymerization and developed inter penetrating polymeric network [IPN] hydrogels. Benzylperoxide was used as initiator and N, N methylenebisacrylamide [NNMBisAm] was employed as a cross-linking agent. Different concentrations of monomer, polymer and cross-linking agent were used and the reaction parameters were optimized. The obtained PCL/AA hydrogels were fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FT-IR], scanning electron microscopy [SEM], and thermogravimetric analysis [TGA] that determined the polymer structure, its morphology and strength respectively. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker was loaded by incubation of polymerization method. Controlled release Verapamil hydrogel was developed due to its low solubility; low permeability and having very short half life of 1.2-2 h. The dynamic swelling, equilibrium swelling and drug release were carried out in a buffer solution of pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8. Concentration of Acrylic acid showed direct, while Polycaprolactone inverse relation to swelling and drug release due to their hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature respectively. Cross-linking agent also had the contrary effect on swelling. Diffusion coefficient [D] of hydrogels was determined by using Flory-Rehner theory. Drug release and swelling data were analyzed by different kinetic models, like Zero order, First order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer's and Peppas. The release and diffusion was best described by the first order kinetics where n value was <0.5 for all the formulations indicating Fickian drug release mechanism